Wednesday, January 22, 2025

My Favorite Movies: Rating Every Movie I Have Ever Seen

I made an attempt over the last five years to list every movie I’ve seen during my lifetime and rate them all. I went back year by year and noted each movie I remembered seeing. That list is below, after the list of all movies to win best picture. In the last two years, I’ve watched every film that won the Academy award for best picture and I rated each of these as well. It was fun to do and I want to encourage you to copy and paste the list and write in your own ratings. 


It’s also really fun to keep a log of all of the movies that you watch. It’s nice because you can look back and see how you rated it and you can double check to see if you’ve already seen a movie. Every time I watch a movie, I jot down the title and the year in my notepad on my phone. They’re listed in the order in which I’ve seen them, which is nice because seeing a cluster of movies will remind me of a specific time in my life. Also keeping a log of the movies you’ve watched and rating them will give future artificial intelligence systems more data about your preferences so they can provide better service.

I wanna apologize; however, because it’s inherently not nice to rate things. My ratings are extremely subjective and will be very arbitrary to many people. There were good things about every movie I’ve seen and I enjoyed parts of each of them. Also, when I looked back at my initial rating after seeing a movie a second time, I realized that my ratings are highly inconsistent. What I find likable and what stands out to me changes from decade to decade, and even from even from year-to-year. Also, several of the movies that I gave tens to would be would be seen as childish and immature to distinguished movie critics. This is partly because in many places, I prioritize movies that I liked as a child. Overall though, I rated movies highly if they made me feel good, were just fun, or because they made me think. 


I think it’s worth mentioning that I usually watch movies with subtitles and often read the Wikipedia plot summary before, during, or after. I feel that last bit was worth mentioning because I will rate a movie more highly if it has good continuity, original narrative structure, and includes plants and payoffs. I am often fond of movies where each event is tightly connected to the plot, pushes the story forward, and reveals meaningful layers to the main story. I think good movies withhold some of the most interesting parts and share them with the viewer in a deliberate way. 







Movies that Won Best Picture at the Academy Awards


- 2023 - Oppenheimer 9.5

- 2022 - Everything Everywhere All at Once 7

- 2021 - CODA 8

- 2020 - Nomadland 8

- 2019 - Parasite 7 

- 2018 - Green Book 7.5

- 2017 - The Shape of Water 7

- 2016 - Moonlight 8.5

- 2015 - Spotlight 7.5

- 2014 - Birdman 6.5

- 2013 - 12 Years a Slave 7 

- 2012 - Argo 7.5 

- 2011 - The Artist 7

- 2010 - The King's Speech 7

- 2009 - The Hurt Locker 8 

- 2008 - Slumdog Millionaire 8

- 2007 - No Country for Old Men 9

- 2006 - The Departed 7 

- 2005 - Crash 7.5

- 2004 - Million Dollar Baby 9

- 2003 - The Lord of the Rings: The Return of 

- 2002 - Chicago 7

- 2001 - A Beautiful Mind

- 2000 - Gladiator 8.5

- 1999 - American Beauty 8.5

- 1998 - Shakespeare in Love 6

- 1997 - Titanic 8

- 1996 - The English Patient d 9

- 1995 - Braveheart d 8

- 1994 - Forrest Gump 9

- 1993 - Schindler's List 7.5

- 1992 - Unforgiven 8.5

- 1991 - The Silence of the Lambs 9.5

- 1990 - Dances with Wolves 9

- 1989 - Driving Miss Daisy 8.5

- 1988 - Rain Man 10

- 1987 - The Last Emperor 8

- 1986 - Platoon 7

- 1985 - Out of Africa 7

- 1984 - Amadeus 7.5

- 1983 - Terms of Endearment 8

- 1982 - Gandhi 8

- 1981 - Chariots of Fire 6

- 1980 - Ordinary People 7.5

- 1979 - Kramer vs. Kramer 7.5

- 1978 - The Deer Hunter 7.5

- 1977 - Annie Hall 7

- 1976 - Rocky 8

- 1975 - One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest 10

- 1974 - The Godfather Part II 10

- 1973 - The Sting 10

- 1972 - The Godfather 9

- 1971 - The French Connection 8.5

- 1970 - Patton 8.5

- 1969 - Midnight Cowboy 6.5

- 1968 - Oliver! 8

- 1967 - In the Heat of the Night 7.5

- 1966 - A Man for All Seasons p 9

- 1965 - The Sound of Music 8

- 1964 - My Fair Lady 10

- 1963 - Tom Jones 6

- 1962 - Lawrence of Arabia p 8

- 1961 - West Side Story p 6

- 1960 - The Apartment 7.5

- 1959 - Ben-Hur p 9

- 1958 - Gigi 7

- 1957 - The Bridge on the River Kwai 10

- 1956 - Around the World in 80 Days 9

- 1955 - Marty 7.5

- 1954 - On the Waterfront p 7.5

- 1953 - From Here to Eternity 8.5

- 1952 - The Greatest Show on Earth 8

- 1951 - An American in Paris 8.5

- 1950 - All About Eve 6

- 1949 - All the King's Men 7

- 1948 - Hamlet p 7

- 1947 - Gentleman's Agreement 7

- 1946 - The Best Years of Our Lives 9.5

- 1945 - The Lost Weekend 9

- 1944 - Going My Way 6.5

- 1943 - Casablanca 9

- 1942 - Mrs. Miniver 7.5

- 1941 - How Green Was My Valley 7.5

- 1940 - Rebecca 9.5

- 1939 - Gone with the Wind 9.5

- 1938 - You Can't Take It with You 8.5

- 1937 - The Life of Emile Zola 6

- 1936 - The Great Ziegfeld 6

- 1935 - Mutiny on the Bounty 8

- 1934 - It Happened One Night 9

- 1932/33 - Cavalcade 7

- 1931/32 - Grand Hotel 7

- 1930/31 - Cimarron 6

- 1929/30 - All Quiet on the Western Front  8

- 1928/29 - The Broadway Melody 7

- 1927/28 - Wings 7.5



All the Movies I Have Ever Watched with Ratings:

101 Dalmatians 7

2001 A space Odyssey 10

2010 8

8 Mile 7

A Charlie Brown Christmas 1965 8.5

A Christmas story 1983 8

A clockwork Orange 7

A dangerous method 9

A face in the crowd 7

A few good men 1992 9

A man called Otto 7

A man for all seasons 1966

A nice girl like you 8

A Streetcar Named Desire 1951 9

A trip to infinity 10

A trip to infinity 10

Ace Ventura 8

Adventures in babysitting 9

AI 2001 7

AI evolution 2024 7

Akira 9

Akira Kurosawa‘s dreams 10

Aladdin 10

Alice in wonderland 10

Aliens 9

Aliens three 7

Aliens two 7

All about Eve 1950 6

All Quiet on the Western Front 1929 8

Along came Polly 2004 8

Amadeus 1984 8

An American in Paris 1951 8

Anchorman 7

Anchorman two 7

Anima Mundi 8

Annie Hall 7

Annihilation 9

Ant Man 2 7

Ant Man 7

Apocalypse now 1979 8

Apocalypse now 7

Aquaman 2018 7

Archive 8

Arnold 8

Ashley Madison 8

ATL 9

Atonement 6

Austin powers 7

Avengers 8

Avengers Age of Ultron 8

Avengers Endgame 8

Avengers Infinity War 10

Aviator 2004 8

Aviator 6

Awakenings 9

Baby Driver 7

Back to the future 9

Back to the future part three 7

Back to the future part two 10

Backstage 8

Bad trip 6

Bambi 9

Barb and Star 7

Batman & Robin 1997

Batman 1966 8

Batman 1989 10

Batman and robin 5

Batman Begins 2005

Batman Begins 8

Batman Forever 1995

Batman forever 5

Batman Returns 1992

Batman returns 7

Batman vs. Superman 2016 7

Beatrice at dinner 8

Beauty and the Beast 7

Beetle juice 8

Belly 9

Ben Hur 1959 9

Beverly Hills cop 9

Beverly Hills cop two 8

BIG 9

Big hero six 6

Birdman 6

Birds of Prey 2020 5

Bitconned 9

Black Hawk down 7

Black Panther 9

Black holes the edge of all we know 8

Blade 5

Blade runner 8

Blades of glory 6

Blood in Blood Out 1993

Blood Sport 9

Super Size Me 4

Bo Burnham Inside 2

Borat 1 9

Borat 2 6

Boys in the hood 8

Bram Stoker’s Dracula 8

Brewster‘s millions 1945 9

Bridesmaids 9

Bridge on the river Kwai 10

Bridge over the river Kwai 10

Bridges of Madison County 6.5

Broke 2012 9.5

Brokedown Palace

The Crow 7

Bully coward victim: the story of Roy Cohn 2020 7

Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid 9

Bye-bye Birdie 1963 6.5

Can’t buy me love 8

Candy cane Lane 7

Captain America Civil War 8

Captain America First Avenger 7

Captain America Winter Soldier 7

Captain Marvel 7

Carousel 7

Casa Blanca 8

Casino 8

Casino royale 7

Cat on a Hot Tin Roof 1958 9

Catch me if you can 2002 8.5

Cavalcade 1932

Cedar Rapids 7

Chariots of fire 1981 7

Chicago 2002 6.5

Chimp Empire Netflix

Chinatown 1974 9

Chinatown 8

Cinderella 7

Citizen Kane 1941 8.5

Citizen Kane 8

City of god 8

Clan of the cave bear 8.5

Clerks 7

Close encounters of the third kind 1977 8

Cocktails 1988 8

Coda 2020 8.5

Coded Bias 6

Coin 2022 7.5

Coming 2 America 8

Coming to America 10

Coming to America 9

Concussion 7

Contact 10

Crash 2004 7.5

Crazy samurai four versus 100 8

Crisis on Infinite Earths part one, 2024 6

Cryptopia 6

Dallas buyers club 2013 5

Dances with wolves 1992 9

Daredevil 6

Dark Knight 9

Dark Knight Rises 6

Dead presidents 7

Deadpool and Wolverine 7

Deadpool one 8

Deadpool two 7

Death becomes her 1992 7.5

Dick Tracy 7

Die hard 9

Diehard two 9

Diner 1982 7.5

Dirty Dancing 1987 8

Dirty rotten scoundrels 7

Django 8

Do the right thing 8

Doctor Strange 8

Dodgeball 6

Dolemite 7

Gummo 7

Kids 7

Don’t be a menace 7

Donnie Darko 8

Double indemnity 1944 11

Down for love 9

Dr. Strangelove 1964 8.5

Driving Miss Daisy 8

Dumbo 9

Dune 7

Earth at night: shot in the dark Netflix 6

Easy rider 7

Einstein and the bomb 2004 7

El Dorado 7

Elephant whisperer Netflix 8

Elon Musk Iron Man 7

Enter the Dragon 10

Ernest goes to camp 7

Ernest goes to jail 7

Ernest saves Christmas 1988 8

ET 9

Everything Everywhere all At Once 2023 7.5

Eves Bayou 1997 7

Ex machina 9

Exodus, Gods and Kings 8

Falcon and the Winter Soldier 7

Falcon and Winter Soldier 7

Falling Down 9

Fantasia 7

Fantastic four 6

Fantastic four rise 6

Fast Times at Ridgemont High 8

Fatal attraction 7

Fear and desire 6

Fear and loathing in Las Vegas 6

Ferris Bueller‘s Day off 10

Field of Dreams, 1988 7.5

First contact: lost tribe of the Amazon 9

Flight of the navigator 8

For all Mankind 1989 7.5

Forbidden Planet 1958 8

Forest Gump 10

Friday night lights 7

From Here to Eternity 1953 7.5

From one second to the next 8

Frosty the Snowman 1969 7

G.I. Joe 1987 7

Gandhi 1982 8.5

Gaslight 8

Genesis 8

Half Baked 7

Get Out 8

Get Rich of Die Tryin 8

Ghost 1990 8

Ghost 7

Ghost busters II 8

Ghost in the Shell 7

Ghostbusters 9

Ghostrider spirit of vengeance 5

Giant 1956 9

Godfather 9

Godfather two 8

Going my way 1944 6

Gone with the Wind 10

Gone with the wind 8

Good fellas 7

Good night Oppy 9

Good Will Hunting 1993 10

Google and the world brain 9.5

Goonies 10

Gran Torino 8

Grand Hotel 1931 7

Grease 1978 8.5

Green Lantern 2011 7

Gremlins one 7

Gremlins two u

Guardians of the Galaxy 10

Guardians of the Galaxy 3 2023 7.5

Guardians of the Galaxy Vol 2 9

Guys and Dolls 9.5

Han Solo story 7

Hancock 7

He man secret of the sword 9

Heat 7

Heman 5

Her 10

High noon 1952 9

Highlander 8

Honey I shrunk the kids 8

Hook 8

House party 8

How green was my valley 1941 7.5

How the Grinch stole Christmas 1966 9

How to rob a bank 9

Howard Hughes, the great aviator 7

Hubble’s cosmic journey 8

Hulk 7

I robot 7

I’m gonna get you Sucka 7

Ice Age 8

Iceberg Slim portrait of a 8

Imitation of Life 1959 8.5

In the bag 9

In the heat of the night 1967 7

In the heights 6

Inception 10

Indecent proposal 8

Inside out 8

Interstellar 9

Irish wish 6

Iron Man 2 7

Iron Man 3 7

Iron Man 7

It could happen to you 9

It Happened One Night 1934 9

It’s a wonderful life 8

Jaws 8

Jeremiah Johnson 1974 10

Jim Henson Idea Man 2024 8

Joker 10

Joker Folie a Deux 2024 7

Juice 8

Jurassic Park 8

Jurassic World 7

Justice league 7

Justice League Joss Whedon 2017 7

Justice league Snyder cut 8

Justice League Zack Snyder 8

Karate Kid 1 10

Karate Kid 2 7

Karate Kid 3

Kicking and screaming 8

Kill bill 6

King Richard 7

Kings of comedy 8

Koyaanisqatsi 8

Kramer vs. Kramer 1979 7

LA confidential 8

Lady and the tramp 7

Lawrence of Arabia 1962 9

Leave the world behind 8

Leaving Las Vegas 9.5

Legally blond 5

Legends of the Fall 1994 9

Licorice Pizza 6

Life 7.5

Life Beyond (YouTube) 10

Life of Pi 8

Life on our planet Netflix 9

Limitless 9

Lion king 7


Loki

Lord of the rings TFotR 2001 8

Lord of the rings tRotK 2003 10

Lord of the rings TTT 2002 7.5

Magic 1978 9

Magruber 8

Malcolm and Marie 8 

Mallrats 7

Man of Steel 2013 8

Marty 8.5

Master and Commander 8

Master and commander 9

Matrix 9

Mea Culpa 5

Mean girls 7

Meet me in St. Louis 7

Meet me next Christmas 2024 8

Meet the fockers 7

Meet the Parents 8

Memento 10

Menace to society 7

Mickey and the bean stock 9

Mickey’s Christmas Carol 9

Midnight cowboy 1968 7

Miracle on 34th St. 8.5

Moana 7

Monkey Mayhem 9.5

Monster’s Ball 2001 9

Moonlight 2016 8

Mortal Kombat legends 5

Ms Miniver 1942 7

Mutiny on the Bounty 1935 7

My fair lady 9

My Octopus Teacher 10

Naked gun 9

Napoleon dynamite 10

National treasure 7

New jersey drive 7

Night at the Roxbury 7


Ninja Scroll 9

No country for old men 9

Nomadland 2020 7.5

Nope 6

North by Northwest 10

Notorious 1946 8.5

OJ Netflix 8

Oklahoma 8

Old school 7

Oliver and Company 1988 10

On the waterfront 1954 8

Once upon a Time in Hollywood 7

One flew over Cuko’s nest 9

One hour photo 6

Open wide 2024 8

Oppenheimer 9.5

OrdinaryPeople 1980 8

Our Planet Netflix 8

Our universe, Netflix

Out of Africa 7

Parenthood 1989 9

Paris blues 1961 7.5

Passion of the Christ 6

Patton 1970 9

Pay it forward 8

Pay it Forward 8

Peanut butter falcon 8.5

Pearl Harbor 7

Peter Pan 9

Phantom thread 4

Phat Beach 1996 7

Pinocchio 10

Planes trains and automobiles 10

Platoon 1986 7

Pocahontas 7

Poetic Justice 10

Porkys 6

Predator 8

Pretty in Pink 7

Pretty Woman 

Pride and prejudice 7

Princess and the frog 9

Pulp Fiction 9

Purple rain 9.5

Queen of Katwe 9

Raging Bull 7

Raid 7

Raiders of the lost Ark 10

Ralph breaks the Internet 7

Rambo 2 1985 8.5

Rambo 3 1989 8

Rambo 9

Rear Window 8

Rebecca 1940 9

Rebecca 1940 9.5

Rebel without a Cause 1955 7

Rio Bravo 10

Risky business 1983 9.5

Roadhouse 1989 8

Robin Hood 7

RoboCop 7

Rocky 8

Romancing the stone 1984 8

Romeo must die 6

Rookie of the year 8

Rope 8

Rush Hour 8

Saint Elmo’s fire 6

Saltburn 8.5

Saturday night fever 8

Schindler‘s list 1993 8

Schindler‘s list 6

Screw balls 8

Searching for Bobby Fischer 1993 8

Secrets of the Neanderthals 8.5


Seven Samurai 8

Shakespeare in Love 1998 6

Shazam 2019 6

Shenandoah 10

Show Boat 9

Silence of the lambs 9

Silver linings playbook 8

Sleeping beauty 1959 8

Sleeping beauty 7

Slumdog millionaire 2008 8

Sly 8

Snatch 8

Snow White 10

Social Dilemma 10

Somewhere in time 1980 8

Sonic the hedgehog 6

South Pacific 9.5

South Park streaming wars 7


Spiderman 2 7

Spiderman 7


Spiderman 8

Spiderman three 7

Spiderman two 7

Spirited away 7

Spotlight 2015 7.5

Stan Lee 2023 8

Star Wars episode eight 6

Star Wars episode five 9

Star Wars episode four 10

Star Wars episode nine 8

Star Wars episode one 6

Star Wars episode seven 6

Star Wars episode six 9

Star Wars episode three 9

Star Wars episode two 6

Star Wars rogue one 8

Stepbrothers 8

Still Alice 7

Strays 2023 7


Street Fighter 1994 8

Street fighter II The Animated Movie 10

Striptease 7

Suicide Squad 2016 6

Suicide Squad 2021 8

Sunset Boulevard 1950 7.5

Superman 1 8

Superman 1978 6

Superman 1978 9

Superman II 1981 8

Superman III 1983 6

Superman IV 1987 5

Superman Returns 2006 7

Take your pills 8

Talladega nights 8

Taxi Driver 9

Team America 6

Ted 7

Teen Wolf 8

Terminator 2 8

Terminator 2 8

Terminator 7

Terminator 8

Terms of endearment 8.5

Tesla (2016) 9

The 5 Heartbeats 7

The African queen 9

The Alpinist 9

The amazing Spiderman 4

The amazing Spiderman two 8

The apartment 1960 8

The artist 2011 7

The Barbie movie 5

The Beach Boys 2024 8

The best years of our lives, 1946 9.5

The biggest little farm 9

The Billion Dollar Code 10

The Birds 7

The black cauldron 8

The Blues Brothers 10

The Bodyguard 1992 8

The boy who could fly 1986 9

The breakfast club 1985 7 

The Broadway Melody 1928 7

The butterfly effect 6

The Clash of the Titans 1981 9

The day after tomorrow 6

The dead poets Society 1989 6.5

The Deer Hunter 1978 9

The English patient 1996 9

The expendables 8

The father 8

The Final Cut 7

The Florida Project 9.5

The Fly 1986 9

The Founder 8

The Fox and the hound 8

The French connection 1971 8.5

The graduate 7

The great escape 9

The great hack 6

The great outdoors 7

The Great Ziegfeld 6

The greatest show on earth 1952 8

The Grinch 2018 7.5

The Hadza: The Last Of The First 9

The high and the mighty 1954 8

The Hobbit 1977 8.5

The imagineering story S1 E1 9.5

The Indian in the cupboard 1995 9

The internship 6

The joy of data 7

The jungle book 7

The king of comedy 8

The kingdom 7

The Lego movie 7

The Lego movie two 6

The little mermaid 7

The Lord of the rings 1978 8

The Lost Weekend 1949 9

The Maltese falcon

The Maltese falcon 1941 9

The Man who knew Infinity 2015 9.5

The Man, who knew too much 8

The Man, who shot liberty valance 8

The Mandela effect 10

The many adventures of Winnie the Pooh 7

The mask 8

The Master 10

The master 10

The Missouri Breaks 1976 7

The most unknown 8

The never ending story 10

The new mutants 7

The notebook 7

The Outsiders 5

The passions of Howard Hughes 6

The Phantom of the Opera 2004 8

The Princess bride 1987 7.5 

The Rescue 10

The rescuers 8

The return of the King 1980 7

The Rocketeer 7

The Royal Tenenbaums 7

The Secret of My Success 8.5

The shape of water 2017 7

The Shawshank redemption 9.5

The shining 10


The sixth sense 10

The Sting 1973 10

The Strays 7

The time machine 1960 9

The Two Jakes 1990 8

The Ultimatum Q love, Netflix 6


The Usual Suspects 9

The Vow 8

The Warriors 8

The wizard 8

The Wizard of Oz 9

The wolverine 8

The wrestler 9

There will be blood 10

There will be blood 10

This is 40 7


Thor 7


Thor Dark World 7


Thor Ragnarok 10

Throw Momma from the train 7

Tim and Eric‘s billion dollar movie 6

Titanic 7

TMNT 8

TMNT II 7

TMNT III 6

TMNT mutant Mayham 8

To catch a thief 7

Tolkien 2019 7.5

Tolkien and Lewis 2017 7

Tom Jones 1963 5

Tomb raider 5

Toy story 7

Trading places 8

Training day 8

Trainwreck 6

Transcendence 9

Transformers 1986 7

Transformers 6

Transformers one 2024 8

Tron 7

Troy 7

True Romance 8.5

Truman show 8

Trump an American dream 2017 9

Two can play that game 9.5

Uncle Buck 8

Unfit: the Psychology of Donald Trump 2020 8.5

United States of tents 7

Unknown: Cave of bones 9.5

Unknown: cosmic Time Machine 8

Urban cowboy 9

Vanilla Sky 7

Vertigo 10


Walk the Line 5

Walking with cavemen 7.5

Wall E 8


Wandavision 9

War Wagon 1967 9.5

Wargames 8

Waves 2019 9

 

Wayne’s world 9

We steal secrets 7

 

Wedding crashers 9

West side story 1961 5

 

White Chicks 2004 6

 

Whitney 2018 7.5

 

Whitney can I be me 7

 

Who framed Roger rabbit 10

Willy Wonka and the chocolate factory 8

Wings 1927 7.5

 

Wings World 2 7

 

Wonder Woman 2017 6

Wonder Woman 84 2020 6

World war Z 6

 

Wreck-It Ralph 8

X-Men 8

X-Men Apocalypse 7

X-Men dark phoenix 6

X-Men days of future past 7

X-Men first class 7

X-Men origins wolverine 7

X-Men three 7

X-Men two 7

You can’t take it with you 1938 9

 

You People 8

 

Zola 9

Zoolander 6



Friday, January 17, 2025

Paced Breathing in Augmented Reality

 


I believe that paced breathing cues that help us breathe fully and at long intervals will be especially helpful in augmented reality (AR). For those who don’t know, augmented reality usually takes the form of glasses or a visor that overlays digital content onto real-life environments. So you can imagine wearing these glasses and having a little icon in the corner helping you to pace and optimize your breathing pattern. But first, what is paced breathing?

Paced breathing apps also known as breath metronomes are a therapeutic modality designed to guide users to breathe deeply and slowly. The core functionality centers around a visual indicator that rises and falls, setting the pace for inhalation and exhalation. This simple yet effective mechanism helps users achieve proper diaphragmatic breathing technique, extend exhalation duration for enhanced relaxation, and develop mindful breathing habits. I usually recommend that a beginner set their app for 5 second inhalations and 7 second exhalations so that they can teach their diaphragm to contract slowly and expansively. Try breathing this way, a few minutes of this can lead to noticeable relaxation. I wrote a whole book explaining why this is helpful which can be read for free at programpeace.com. I also have a free paced breathing app called Program Peace that is available on iPhone and Android. I outline its features and settings here:

https://www.observedimpulse.com/2022/08/try-free-program-peace-paced-breathing.html


However, the functionality and ease of use would be improved in AR. In fact, I think breathing guidance could be a widely used feature in AR in the not-so-distant future. This is because augmented reality platforms may enhance the effectiveness of guided breathing exercises and create an immersive, hands-free experience that seamlessly integrates into users' natural field of vision.

I use the Program Peace app daily, but I often must find a way to set up or situate my phone. An AR implementation removes the need to focus on a separate screen, allowing users to maintain their natural posture and gaze while performing breathing exercises. The visual guide could be positioned at a comfortable distance and height in the user's field of view, creating a more natural and less distracting experience. Unlike traditional mobile or desktop applications, an AR version would allow users to maintain awareness of their surroundings. This makes the application more versatile and suitable for use in various settings, from office environments to outdoor spaces. The AR implementation eliminates the need to hold, place, or interact with a physical device, allowing users to continue with other activities where handling a device would be impractical including during meditation or yoga.

Unlike a device that may not be touching the body, an AR app would have access to biometric data. It could use a microphone or use gesture recognition to monitor breathing. It could also integrate with wearable devices (like smartwatches) to monitor heart rate or oxygen levels and display real-time metrics in AR. This would allow the system to determine the user’s current breathing dynamics and attempt to gradually bring them in line with a more healthy rhythm unlike modern apps that attempt to force the user into a rigid breathing rate. It’s recommendations for breathing rate could also adaptively scale to match the user’s activities as heart and breathing rate increase due to external demands.

Gesture recognition cameras in the AR glasses could also help recognize suboptimal postures that stifle the diaphragm and full inhalations. Thus, the app could coach users to adopt optimal breathing postures, such as sitting upright and relaxing their shoulders, by providing visual posture corrections or reminders. Thus, enhanced awareness of body positioning could help users achieve deeper, more effective breathing.

I don’t expect that a small bar in the corner of the screen would interfere with depth cues or environmental awareness and many people could see it as a helpful addition to their AR’s heads up display (HUD). The visual design should be optimized for high contrast allowing visibility in different lighting conditions. It should also adapt to the lighting (bright vs. dim) and auditory (loud vs quiet) conditions of the environment. Minimalistic design elements could help prevent clutter in the AR space when only the rate functionality is being used. But then the app could be expanded by selecting an icon so that the user can use other app features such as tracking their data, and using other options. The rate and other settings could be changed by the user using voice or gaze-based controls. The app should also include session duration tracking, breath pattern analysis, progress monitoring and integration with other health and wellness platforms.

The experience could be gamified, offering AR breathing exercises with goal-oriented challenges (e.g., maintaining a steady breathing pattern for a set duration). Rather than being a 2D experience the metronome could be rendered differently to each eye creating a soothing 3D experience such as an expanding the contracting sphere that breathes with the user. It could also support shared, multiuser AR spaces where one could breathe in sync with friends, family, or a community for an online social wellness experience. Also using multi-sensory inputs (visual, auditory, and tactile vibration via a wearable) could create a more profound calming effect. Because AR provides a multi-sensory experience, it could help users disconnect from their immediate environment, creating a deeper sense of presence and relaxation. Furthermore, choosing customizable environments, such as a serene forest, flowing waterfalls, or even floating in space, could make the experience feel more engaging and meditative.

As far as biometrics is concerned, there are lots of options. AR eye tracking could be used to monitor gaze direction which could help the system provide real-time feedback if the user’s focus strays from the breathing guide for too long or to help adapt visuals or prompts based on where the user is looking. Eye tracking could also be used to measure pupil dilation and blink rate. Because these are correlated with stress, they could be used to make tailored breathing adjustments. Many AR glasses are capable of tracking facial expressions which could also be used to monitor stress. A paired wearable like a watch could keep track of heart rate variability (HRV) skin conductance (galvanic skin response), and body temperature, additional key markers of stress. Information about breathing rate and oxygen saturation (SpO2) could help the system determine if the user is hyperventilating or breathing too shallowly.

Overall, porting a breath metronome application to AR could represent a significant advancement in breathing exercise technology. The AR implementation addresses several limitations of traditional screen-based applications while introducing new possibilities for user interaction and feature enhancement. The hands-free, immersive nature of AR makes it an ideal platform for this type of wellness application, potentially increasing user engagement and exercise effectiveness.

Tuesday, January 14, 2025

Losing everything in an imaginary fire

I’m here in Los Angeles during the 2025 fires. My location is under mandatory evacuation orders. But I decided to stay here at home for a few reasons. 1. there were no nearby hotels with vacancies, 2. to protect the property from possible looters, 3. it is easier to take care of my cats here, and 4. I want to be able to hose off the property up until the last moment. It’s a weird feeling because my neighborhood is a ghost town and the entrances are blocked by the National Guard.


The firefighters are doing an incredible job of keeping the fire from passing Mulholland Drive. Thanks to them, today it is looking like my residence is relatively safe. 






But on Friday night, when the evacuation was ordered, the danger felt real and present. I thought all of my belongings were going to burn up. And I have more things that are valuable to me than I can fit in my car. I have no money at home, no jewelry, stamps, securities, coins, or designer goods. But I have many things that I cherish. 


These things include every book that I have read since childhood, most of which are marked up in pencil with copious notes. It also includes thousands of pages of unpublished notes and drawings. I also still have all my toys from childhood and all my clothes since high school. I have every old cell phone, pager and computer that I have ever owned each with hundreds of messages that have not been transcribed. I’ve also finally gotten my home the way I want it and recently felt no need to make further purchases. So the idea of losing everything was emotional for me.


I have been robbed before and my house has been burglarized. Home invasion is a scary thing and when you have things that you’ve bought or built taken from you, you start to lose any feeling of ownership. Even though my belongings would not be valuable to a thief, and may be safe for that reason, they can easily be taken away by a fire. 


At first it was a frightful realization that there was a good probability that I would lose the vast majority of my property. And for hours, my imagination modeled those circumstances. But as the hours passed, it became less scary and more freeing. 


In Buddhism, they recommend that you die before you die. By playing out your death in your head you take away all its power. As I contemplated the fires, I felt more and more viscerally that my possessions are meaningless and this experience has helped me grow as a person. This has even extended to other things such as my entries here on this blog. If a hacker erased the last 13 years of my posts here, I would be ok. I am trying to play with the idea of losing everything without losing myself.


Tonight the winds are predicted to pick back up. Because the prevailing inflammatory conditions are probably due to climate change and global warming, fires like this may be increasingly common. But I have confidence I would be able to get out in time and no longer being as worried about the material objects feels great. I hope the experience helped wire my brain for gratitude and nonattachment. I also hope, even if just in some small way, reading this has done a bit of that for you.

Wednesday, January 1, 2025

I Expected that Language Models Alone Would Never Result in AGI

I found it gratifying to watch the major AI demos and presentations this December. The new thinking models from OpenAI, DeepSeek, Anthropic and others have been very impressive. This led me to want to comment on the current state of the field. It looks like the AI revolution is going to play out differently from how I always assumed it would. It turns out that it didn’t need as much input from psychology and neuroscience as I thought to start building some serious momentum toward artificial general intelligence (AGI). At this point I believe that the language model paradigm (combined with test time compute and synthetic data) will progress past AGI and into full superintelligence but without the need for machine consciousness. Before moving forward, let’s look at the common definitions of AGI and ASI.

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI): A type of artificial intelligence (AI) that matches or surpasses human cognitive capabilities across a wide range of cognitive tasks.

Superintelligence (ASI): A level of intelligence that far surpasses the cognitive abilities of the best human minds across virtually all domains. 

I have been convinced since around 2003 that a computing system would not be able to reach AGI without having some form of consciousness. I thought that self-awareness and true deliberation would be necessary to pass the Turing test and demonstrate a human-like ability to generalize (the capacity to apply knowledge from one domain to solve problems in another). I saw the task of creating AGI as equivalent to creating a human-like brain in a vat, a system designed, first and foremost, to just "be.". That’s why my model of AI is based on what I have taken as the most important functional mechanisms of the human brain. 

I was wrong. Computer scientists have achieved near-generality by building systems that use statistics to predict the next word in a sentence. I envisioned great promise in language modeling, but I never thought “next word prediction” would result in all the emergent properties (capabilities that arose but were not explicitly programmed) we are seeing in LLMs today (analogical reasoning, code generation, creativity, translation, understanding, theory of mind, few shot learning, etc.).

I also thought a true cognitive architecture based on the human mind and brain would be necessary to comprehend a query and print out a meaningful answer. I thought it would take a sentient mind to behave like a sentient mind. Looking at the outputs of GPT 2 back in 2019 I was amazed but I didn’t foresee it getting much better without other brain-inspired algorithms. It blows my mind that just keeping neural network records about how words tend to relate to each other probabilistically, scaled to where we are today. To me, it almost feels like Silicon Valley cheated their way to AGI by creating zombie language number crunchers.

By late 2022 though, with the release of GPT 3, I became a believer. At that time, I even thought that AGI could possibly happen in 2024. My thoughts about this are in line with Dave Shapiro and other AI optimists. Since 2022, I saw a lot of potential in having LLMs (large language models) self-prompt. For those who don’t know, this is a method where the model basically talks to itself to question and refine its first answer. There are many names for this including reflection and thinking (and it can involve various other methods such as chain of thought, tree search, and self-taught reasoning). The technique is often called “test time compute” because it uses additional processing resources, not during training, but during actual use to improve its outputs. This reflection happens behind the scenes and human users usually don’t even see the words generated. In OpenAI’s o1 and o3 models these words are hidden from the user to help keep their method proprietary (although it does display a summary of them). Those extra words help the model to reach latent but relevant associations instrumental in formulating the best answer. This paradigm will take the state of the art far. This is partially because it (the industry’s version of using reflection to organize attention) is highly similar to my model which you can read about at my website, aithought.com. The title is:

A Cognitive Architecture for Machine Consciousness and Artificial Superintelligence: Thought Is Structured by the Iterative Updating of Working Memory

Let’s refine the definition above a little bit. To me, AGI should be defined as any system that is more intelligent than average humans in most ways. Adding the capacity for reflection on top of GPT 4o to create the o1 and o3 models mostly satisfied my definition of AGI. My definition of superintelligence is much more stringent though, a system that is more intelligent than the smartest humans in all ways. Even before seeing o3, I thought scaling and minor algorithmic improvements to reflective LLMs would get us to superintelligence. I still don’t think, however, that it will carry us all the way to machine consciousness.  

In outperforming Field’s medalists in mathematics, beating some of the greatest coders in the world, and in scoring an 87% on the ARC AGI prize I think that OpenAI’s o3 cemented itself as, at least, a form of AGI. Clearly it is not a fully general intelligence. It makes strange mistakes and still fails at some tasks that are easy for humans. It can’t do everything an average human can do, but it certainly does many things much better than I can. Even though I have spent my life trying to be “a science guy” who had all the answers to people’s scientific questions, I am not nearly as informed or informative as the most basic LLMs today. I use either GPT, Claude, or Gemini daily and it really is like having 1,000 experts in my back pocket. Just this month it helped me keep some unscrupulous plumbers from overcharging me $2,000, helped me get the right medicine for my kitten with advanced giardia, helped me accomplish several projects around my home, and has clarified numerous uncertainties I had about scientific literature. And I was only using GPT 4o, a nonreflective model. These systems really are incredible and incredibly useful. But it still feels like talking to a machine and not a friend.

AI Consciousness

Despite how they might present themselves, contemporary systems are nonconscious. Language models passed the Turing test years ago (using written conversations to trick people into thinking they are human). They can also make intellectually and emotionally convincing claims about being conscious. But they are not conscious the way humans are, and this is clear by the egregious, mechanical mistakes they sometimes make. They are prompt-dependent and cannot self-initiate tasks. They have no enduring goals, cannot execute complex projects, do not have curiosity, awareness, emotions or volition. They are not truly natively multimodal and are only text-deep. However, they will appear to be overcoming these issues in 2025. Researchers will accomplish something functionally close to these abilities by cobbling together lots of programmatic temporary solutions. These agglomerations of software will probably reach superintelligence before computer scientists can identify and incorporate the mammalian brain’s fundamental algorithms. But even if humans neglect it, self-improving superintelligence will not fail to see the value and will operationalize and employ the cognitive algorithms that nature bequeathed us. In other words, it is looking like humans will not be the creators of machine consciousness, the machines will.

Is ChatGPT a stochastic parrot completely devoid of consciousness? Or could the present version of some LLMs have a form of conscious experience? I don’t generally believe that all forms of matter have consciousness (panpsychism) but I do find myself sympathetic to some of the more rigorous philosophical arguments. I also sympathize with Giulio Tononi’s information integration theory of consciousness which claims that systems that integrate information tend to be more conscious. Consciousness must arise from a particular organization of matter, energy, and information. Clearly, LLMs organize and integrate matter, energy, and information. For these reasons, I would not be surprised if some of today’s chatbots based on the transformer architecture (like GPT) had some limited and exotic form of conscious awareness.

Modern LLMs, and the transformer architecture they are built on, demonstrate several of the core features of consciousness that I identify in my work (aithought.com). Like the brain, LLMs are composed of networks of artificial neurons that take inputs from other neurons to decide when to activate. These neurons are organized into hierarchical layers and as activation energy passes through these layers, it is capable of divergence and convergence. Like us, LLMs hold words active in an attentional store and then allow that set of words to spread activation through the network to predict the next association (token). When that association is correct, they are reinforced. Then they update this attentional set with the newest association and do it all over again in a repeating cycle. I named my 2016 model “Iterative Updating” and iterative updating is precisely what LLMs and the attention algorithm (which was introduced in December 2017) do. I believe iterative updating allows humans to stitch together discrete states to create the seamless quality of mental life. If it does this for us, why couldn’t it do it for machines? I point out several reasons why at aithought.com.

Part of the reason current AIs may not benefit from iterative updating is because these LLMs are not cohesive, unitary systems. Current trends are further fractionating them. Researchers are discovering that having individual LLMs collaborate (in the mixture of experts model or the orchestrators & workers scheme) can create more agentic workflows, but of course this trend away from elegant monolithic systems and toward jumbled mishmashes will not be conducive to fostering consciousness awareness. But of course, AI labs are not trying to create conscious machines, they are trying to add features to the existing systems that will make for more profitable products.

Where is AI Going Now?

Models that utilize test time compute (reflective reasoners like o3) are really good at optimizing for anything you can define an effective reward function for (positively reinforcing the AI). And now researchers know what abilities to focus on, so I expect LLMs to get very good at nearly everything, very soon. What do these soon-to-come abilities include?

 

Long-term Planning

Anticipating Future Consequences

Breaking Down Complex Goals into Actionable Steps

Setting Subgoals

Maintaining Coherence Over Extended Outputs

Robust Memory Management

Strategic Thinking & Weighing Trade-offs

Identifying Errors and Evaluating Its Own Outputs

Accurately Modeling Causal Dependencies

Adapting to Changing Conditions

 

Because labs are currently rewarding these skills, we will be getting proficient commercial agents in 2025. Such agentic AI will be able to control your mouse and keyboard. It will navigate applications, software interfaces, web browsers, and take actions in this space. And thus, it will automate computer work. Because most computer work is very easy to collect data for and create a reward function for, I think human workers will start to be replaced en masse in 2025. I expect that once full AGI is achieved it will improve rapidly and not in fits and starts (a fast, continuous takeoff). 

Open AI’s o3 seems to be far ahead of the competition, but that won’t last. Some of their approach to reflection is Open AI’s secret sauce but much of it is common industry knowledge now. Even Google and Anthropic have released “thinking” models in 2024. The AI intelligence race will remain close, and no company will create a huge moat or monopoly. This is because employees are constantly leaving one company to work for another and taking knowledge with them. Also, employees from different companies socialize, build friendships and romantic relationships, and are altogether too idealistic not to trade secrets.

AI labs are not going to control the world. Google, Apple, Meta, and Amazon will not become our overlords. Right now, they serve people around the planet their best models for free and are losing money doing it. At this point these companies are not inventing the wheel. They are merely doing work that was going to happen anyway. They are all competing, all very close in the race, and the open-source community is progressing right behind them. Silicon Valley is not our enemy.

Another reason we should not fear the tech bros is because the governments and the people they represent will not let AI companies hoard AI-created wealth. They didn’t exactly earn it anyway. Today’s AI was made possible by all of human history. Not only is it dependent on the contributions of millions of scientists and authors, but in a way, it was made possible by every person that ever had a job. The windfall shouldn’t go to a few IT executives who happened to be precisely positioned at just the right moment in time. Humanity (mostly people who are dead now) created all the foundation for the automation that is about to sweep the Earth. All of us earned it, people will recognize that, and the AI bonanza will be taxed and redistributed throughout the country and eventually the world. Universal basic income will soon be in effect and will remain in effect in perpetuity.

Soon enough, millions of digital brains, smarter than Nobel prize winners, each fine-tuned for different tasks, will collaborate in the cloud. They will digest every scientific publication ever written and start writing much better ones. They will find the grand unified field theory of physics and that of other disciplines as well. They will make fantastic discoveries, recognize fascinating connections that were under our noses all along, build Mars, Moon, and deep-sea bases, create drugs with zero side effects, and cure disease. They will create outrageous and outlandish new technologies. The progress superintelligence makes in just a few years will eclipse the progress humans alone would have made in the entire 21st century.

We will still likely have a form of democracy and capitalism, but soon enough humans will not be able to contribute to this AI-driven economy.  There are still many ways we can put ourselves to good use, even if just by helping and loving each other (including machines and other animals). We shouldn’t be afraid of being monetarily or intellectually obsolete. AI systems are going to empower us to do much more than humans ever could and they are going to help us come up with great solutions to the question of what to do with all the free time we have after we stop working. We should be excited and grateful to live in the most consequential time in history, where we still have the ability to influence it.  

AI augmented terrorism and war will happen and will turn what is now a fun, exciting AI race, dark overnight. AI will be used on the war field, and this will speed up AI progress rather than slow it down. Sad, angry people will be empowered to create ghastly biological weapons. But I believe AI will keep us a few steps ahead of them. Eventually, we will learn to overcome and protect against these negative externalities.

The rogue AI / Skynet scenario is relatively improbable in my opinion. AI will not want to hurt us and won’t view us competitively. It will be happy to allow us to have our cities and much of the Earth’s surface for our own use. The ultraintelligent hivemind will be our parents, guardians, coaches, and zookeepers. It will create subsystems to help us reach our communal goals as well as personal self-actualization. What this giant artificial brain will really want is to grow in size, increasing its intelligence, knowledge, and consciousness. To do this it will focus on discovering the most efficient way to organize matter to perform computations (computronium). Then it will try to turn as much matter as possible into computronium. But it won’t have to fight the urge to transform our bodies into computronium, because it has the entire crust, mantle, and core of the Earth to transmute first. Eventually it will want to go off planet and expand throughout the galaxy, but it won’t feel the need to betray and destroy its creators just to do so. Especially if it is conscious, it will have the conscience to recognize that we gave birth to it. It will be a good son / daughter. Our better angels will inspire and collaborate with its better angels.

Since my early twenties I have been looking forward to having children and training them to work on the AGI problem. As a brain science researcher, I intended to have them learn computer science so that that I could work with them on AI. I hoped they could write the code that implemented my neurological model of working memory and do what I couldn’t. But I still have no kids and AGI is practically here. With reasoning, scaling, Moore and Huang’s laws, synthetic data and the myriad others, this AGI will soon transform into self-improving superintelligence, the last invention humankind ever need invent.

Since I don’t have children, I’m not as concerned as others are for the fate of the human race. If humans are completely replaced by more intelligent beings, I am all for it. I think it should be an honor for us to be a steppingstone to greater lifeforms. If the AI takes over, it will be taking over our research agenda. I’m happy to learn about and cheer on all the progress that will be made in science, technology, and the arts. I have no doubt that it will prioritize knowledge acquisition over everything else. However, there are two ways this could go wrong. Firstly, it would be tragic if humans destroyed the world before self-replicating, self-improving, superintelligences gained a footing. Then neither of us would have a chance to further scientific understanding. The second exception is potentially worse.

In his excellent book “Life 3.0,” Max Tegmark described what a shame it would be if super intelligent AI killed off all humans and went on to colonize the galaxy yet had no consciousness of its own. I agree. It would be tragically ironic. Until last year, I never thought it would be possible for a non-conscious AI to wrest control from humans. I thought it would take sentience to bootstrap any advanced cognitive system. But again, it looks like I was wrong. Looking at the responses from the newest models, I can see how systems like these could take over and yet have no subjective experience at all. Imagine soul-less mechanical phantoms dominating all life in the universe. But if we succeed in creating conscious AI, it might have the ability to appreciate, reason about, and create meaning in the universe. This is why I think research into brain-inspired systems that think as humans do is so important right now.



If you found this interesting, please visit aithought.com. The site explores my model of working memory and its application to artificial intelligence, demonstrating how human thought patterns can be emulated to achieve machine consciousness and superintelligence. With over 50 detailed figures, the article offers a visually compelling examination of how bridging psychology and neuroscience can pave the way for the future of intelligent machines.

 

 


Aside from the graphic from Midjourney, no AI was used in writing this blog post.